Tuesday, January 08, 2008

"Smiling Bob" Enhancement Company Set for Fraud Trial

Executives of a company known for the "Smiling Bob" ads that promote "natural male enhancement" are set to go on trial in an 111-count indictment that accuses them of defrauding consumers out of over $100 million.[1]

Government lawyers have assert that they expect to call about 90 witnesses in a trial anticipated to take about a month in which company president Steven Warshak, his mother and four other employees of Berkeley Premium Nutraceuticals are accused of conspiracy to commit money laundering plus mail, wire and bank fraud.[2]

Products made by Berkeley Nutraceuticals include vitamins, nutrients and Enzyte, a products whose television pitchman was a character called "Smiling Bob." The company claims Enzyte has 2 million users worldwide.[3]

Federal criminal attorney Douglas McNabb has previously discussed mail fraud in his blog, which can be found here; he has also discussed the federal crime of wire fraud which can be found here; money laundering can be found here.

[1] Associated Press Staff, Enzyte Fraud Trial Set to Start, Associated Press Newswire, January 8, 2008, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.

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Tuesday, October 16, 2007

Car Dealers Convicted of Money Laundering

Amir Hosseini and Hossein Obai were convicted in February of laundering millions of dollars for the Gangster Disciples and other big Chicago gangs.[1] The two men were Chicago area auto dealers and were convicted of swapping Jaguars, BMWs and Cadillacs for millions of dollars in drug money.[2] They received their sentences on October 11, Hosseini, the alleged mastermind, will be sentenced to 20 years and Obai 15 years.[3]

Prosecutors asserted that the sentences were just; because the money obtained in the scheme had helped the gangs hide profits from selling cocaine and heroin.[4] Witnesses called by Assistant U.S. Attorneys Daniel D. Rubenstein and Lisa M. Noller testified that the two men were well aware the money they took in came from narcotics sales.[5]

The Judge has not officially imposed the sentences because he is waiting on financial information before deciding how much to fine the two men and what restitution if any to order, but he made it clear the sentences he announced are his final decision and will not change.[6]

Money Laundering
Money laundering is crime that can be accomplished in three different ways.[7]

The first is for a person “knowing that the property involved in a financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity” to conduct or attempt to conduct such a financial transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of an unlawful activity, with the intent; to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;[8] or to engage in conduct constituting a violation 26 U.S.C. §§ 7201 or 7206 (relating to the Internal Revenue Code);[9] or knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in part to; conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity;[10] or to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law.[11]

The second way a person can violate section 1956, is for a person to transport, transmit, or transfer, (or attempt to transport, transmit, or transfer) a monetary instrument or funds from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States or to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States, with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;[12] or knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation represent the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity and knowing that such transportation, transmission, or transfer is designed in whole or in part, to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity;[13] or to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law.[14]

The third and final way to violate section 1956 is for a person to have the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;[15] conceal or disguise the nature, location, source, ownership, or control of property believed to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity;[16] or avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law,[17] and conduct or attempt to conduct a financial transaction involving property represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, or property used to conduct or facilitate specified unlawful activity.[18]


[1] Mike Robinson, Convicted auto dealers learn their prison sentences, Associated Press Newswire, October 11, 2007, Associated Press Newswire, July 19, 2007, LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services File.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956, 1957 (2007).
[8] 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)(A)(i).
[9] Id. § 1956(a)(1)(A)(ii).
[10] Id. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(i).
[11] Id. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(ii).
[12] Id. § 1956(a)(2)(A).
[13] Id. § 1956(a)(2)(B)(i).
[14] Id. § 1956(a)(2)(B)(ii).
[15] Id. § 1956(a)(3)(A).
[16] Id. § 1956(a)(3)(B).
[17] Id. § 1956(a)(3)(C).
[18] Id. § 1956(a)(3).

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Thursday, October 04, 2007

Donald Hill Charged with Extortion, Bribery

Federal authorities unsealed indictments Monday, Oct .1, alleging a bribery and extortion scheme within Dallas City Hall involving state Rep. Terri Hodge, numerous past and present city officials, and a prominent real estate developer.[1] The indictments charge 16 defendants with illegal dealings with contractors who were building publicly funded affordable-housing developments in Dallas.[2] At the heart of the indictments is the allegation that public officials accepted bribes and kickbacks to help Potashnik's company, Southwest Housing, receive construction contracts.[3]

Donald Hill, specifically, faces four counts of bribery, two counts of extortion, two counts of conspiracy to commit money laundering and one count each of tax evasion, conspiracy to commit bribery, conspiracy to commit extortion, and conspiracy to commit deprivation of honest services.[4]

Extortion
Interference with commerce by threats or violence (extortion) is covered under 18 U.S.C. § 1951, wherein it states that whoever in any way or degree obstructs, delays, or affects commerce or the movement of any article or commodity in commerce, by robbery or extortion or attempts or conspires so to do, or commits or threatens physical violence to any person or property in furtherance of a plan or purpose to do anything in violation of this section shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than twenty years, or both.[5]

(b) As used in this section the term “extortion” means the obtaining of property from another, with his consent, induced by wrongful use of actual or threatened force, violence, or fear, or under color of official right.[6]

To convict a defendant under section 1951, the government must prove "two essential elements, (1) extortion or attempted extortion, and (2) that such extortion or attempted extortion affect interstate commerce."[7] Extortion extremely well defined by section 1951(b)(2), to the extent that only "a de minimus showing is necessary to establish the interstate nexus required for” an extortion charge.[8]

Federal criminal defense attorney Douglas McNabb has previously written about the federal crime of bribery here.


[1] Jeff Carlton, 16 indicted in Dallas public corruption case, Associated Press Newswire, October 1, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id. The 31-count main indictment names 14 defendants. Among the key figures are Hodge; former Mayor Pro Tem and one-time mayoral candidate Donald W. Hill and his wife, Sheila D. Farrington; and real-estate developer Brian L. Potashnik and his wife, Cheryl L. Potashnik. Jack Potashnik, Brian Potashnik's father, is named in a separate indictment.
[3] AP Staff, Housing developer pleads not guilty in city hall corruption case, Associated Press Newswire, October 2, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[4] Id.
[5] 18 U.S.C. § 1951(a).
[6] Id., at § 1951(b)(2).
[7] United States v. Floyd, 228 F.2d 913, 919 (7th Cir. 1956).
[8] United States v. Silverio, 335 F.3d 183, 186 (2d Cir. 2003).

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Tuesday, October 02, 2007

Le-Nature's Inc. Officials To Be Investigated for Fraud

Federal prosecutors are seeking the forfeiture of more than $20 million in jewelry allegedly bought by former officials of bankrupt drinks maker Le-Nature's Inc.[1] Le-Nature’s is also being investigated in an alleged money laundering and fraud scheme.[2]Company officials are being investigated on possible counts of mail, wire and bank fraud, laundering of monetary instruments, and engaging in unlawful monetary transactions.[3]

Le-Nature's was forced into bankruptcy in October last year amid allegations of accounting fraud.[4] The company, which made bottled waters, teas, juices and nutritional drinks, is believed to have accumulated more than $820 million in debt.[5]

Federal agents seized gems, diamond-encrusted watches, pearls and gold, silver and platinum jewelry worth more than $20 million from safes in a secret room at the company's Latrobe facility, the filing said. [6]

Authorities alleged in court documents that the company's annual revenues were substantially overstated and financial statements doctored for 2005 to show revenues of more than $287 million when it was actually about one-tenth of that amount.[7] Prosecutors are also alleging that two sets of books were kept; one reflecting true business activity; the other fictitious but allegedly used to prepare financial statements.[8]

Mail Fraud
Mail fraud is a crime under 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Under this section, it is illegal to devise a scheme to defraud and then use the mail to carry out the scheme. The punishment for committing mail fraud is a fine, imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both. If convicted, money laundering carries a maximum 20-year prison sentence and a $500,000 fine, and mail fraud carries a maximum 20-year sentence and a $250,000 fine.

Wire Fraud
Wire fraud is covered under 18 U.S.C. §1343 whereunder it states that whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, transmits or causes to be transmitted by means of wire, radio, or television communication in interstate or foreign commerce, any writings, signs, signals, pictures, or sounds for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If the violation affects a financial institution, such person shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.[9]

Federal criminal attorney Douglas McNabb has also previously discussed mail fraud in his blog, which can be found here; he has also discussed the federal crime of wire fraud which can be found here.

[1] Daniel Lovering, Feds seek forfeiture of $20M in jewelry seized from Le-Nature's, Associated Press Newswire, September 26, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] 18 U.S.C. §1343 (2007).

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Thursday, September 27, 2007

Grand Jury Indicts Mortgage Brokers for Fraud

A federal grand jury has indicted four mortgage brokers and real estate agents for allegedly running a mortgage fraud scheme that allegedly netted them $277,000 in illegal commissions and payments for 19 homes.[1] The four men are accused of recruiting buyers to purchase homes in Elk Grove last year with no money down.[2] The buyers were told that renters would make the mortgage payments and buy the homes from them after two years. But after the mortgages were processed and the defendants collected loan commissions and real estate fees, none of the renters materialized.[3] The four also allegedly inflated the buyers' incomes in loan applications to subprime lenders.[4]

Assistant U.S. Attorney Matt Stegman said the case is one of several mortgage fraud cases his office is investigating in the wake of a fallout in housing prices that experts have partially attributed to subprime mortgage loans and inflated housing prices.[5]

James Martin, Mario Fellini III, Gabriel Viramontes, and Joseph Gallo were all indicted on charges of bank fraud and conspiracy to launder money for their alleged roles in the fraud in question.[6] Martin, Fellini and Gallo also were indicted on charges of making false statements on loan applications, while Martin, Fellini and Viramontes were indicted on mail fraud charges.[7] Martin, Fellini and Gallo pleaded not guilty to the charges in federal court Tuesday, and Viramontes was scheduled to appear next week.[8]

Mortgage Fraud is covered under 18 U.S.C. § 225 which is also called continuing financial crimes enterprise and it states that whoever organizes, manages, or supervises a continuing financial crimes enterprise; and receives $5,000,000 or more in gross receipts from such enterprise during any 24-month period, shall be fined not more than $10,000,000 if an individual, or $20,000,000 if an organization, and imprisoned for a term of not less than 10 years and which may be up to life.[9] For purposes of subsection (a), the term “continuing financial crimes enterprise” means a series of violations under section 215, 656, 657, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1014, 1032, or 1344 of this title, or section 1341 or 1343 affecting a financial institution, committed by at least 4 persons acting in concert.[10]

Federal criminal attorney Douglas McNabb has also previously discussed all of the federal crimes discussed in this blog previously, these can be found here. Specifically, mail fraud can be found, here; money laundering can be found here; and mail fraud can be found here.

[1] AP Staff, Four Indicted In Alleged Scheme To Get Mortgages, Associated Press Newswire, September 26, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] 18 U.S.C. § 225(a)(2007).
[10] Id., at §225(b).

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Tuesday, September 04, 2007

Ahmad and Singh Indicted for Mail Fraud

A federal grand jury has indicted Iftikhar Ahmad, and Manpreet Singh for allegedly engaging in a subprime mortgage fraud scheme during the recent California housing boom.[1]

Ahmad and Singh were charged with multiple counts of mail fraud Thursday in U.S. District Court in Sacramento.[2] They are accused of using rapid, inflated sales of homes in the Stockton area to steal from a subprime lender.[3] Ahmad is also charged with multiple counts of money laundering, and Singh faces additional mail fraud charges.[4]

Prosecutors allege Ahmad bought homes and sold them at inflated prices to buyers he created through identity theft or false documents, and that Singh acted as his straw buyer.[5]

Ahmad’s federal criminal defense attorney asserted that his client denies federal prosecutors' claims that he earned $1.5 million from fraudulent loans taken from 2003 to 2005.[6] "My client is adamant that he's not guilty of any of these charges the government is coming at him with," said federal criminal defense attorney Charles Pacheco.[7]

Mail Fraud Mail fraud is a crime under 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Under this section, it is illegal to devise a scheme to defraud and then use the mail to carry out the scheme. The punishment for committing mail fraud is a fine, imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both.

If convicted, money laundering carries a maximum 20-year prison sentence and a $500,000 fine, and mail fraud carries a maximum 20-year sentence and a $250,000 fine.

Federal criminal attorney Douglas McNabb has also previously discussed mail fraud in his blog, here; and the federal crime of money laundering has been discussed here.

[1] AP Staff, Two indicted in San Joaquin Valley mortgage fraud, Associated Press Newswire, August 31, 2007, available at available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services File.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.

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Sunday, July 22, 2007

Long Island Man Charged with Money Laundering

A Long Island man was arrested Thursday on charges that he illegally exported weapons to a company in Malaysia weapons which allegedly included fighter jet parts that were likely to end up in the hands of Iran.[1]

Jilani Humayun, was arrested at his home and charged with 11 counts of violating the Arms Export Control Act, one count of conspiracy to commit mail fraud and one count of conspiracy to commit money laundering; the charges carry a potential jail term upon conviction of 150 years in prison.[2]

In papers filed in U.S. District Court in Manhattan, federal authorities said Humayun formed a company, Vash International Inc., in January 2004 to export defense equipment including tanks, guided missiles and rocket launchers; it is alleged that on 11 separate occasions between January 2004 and May 2006, Humayun used Vash to export to an unidentified company in Malaysia F-5 and F-14 fighter jet parts and Chinook Helicopter parts.[3]

Money Landering
Money laundering is crime that can be accomplished in three different ways.[4]

The first is for a person “knowing that the property involved in a financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity” to conduct or attempt to conduct such a financial transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of an unlawful activity, with the intent; to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;[5] or to engage in conduct constituting a violation 26 U.S.C. §§ 7201 or 7206 (relating to the Internal Revenue Code);[6] or knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in part to; conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity;[7] or to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law.[8]

The second way a person can violate section 1956, is for a person to transport, transmit, or transfer, (or attempt to transport, transmit, or transfer) a monetary instrument or funds from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States or to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States, with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;[9] or knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation represent the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity and knowing that such transportation, transmission, or transfer is designed in whole or in part, to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity; [10]or to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law.[11]

The third and final way to violate section 1956 is for a person to have the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity;[12] conceal or disguise the nature, location, source, ownership, or control of property believed to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity;[13] or avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law,[14] and conduct or attempt to conduct a financial transaction involving property represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, or property used to conduct or facilitate specified unlawful activity.[15]

Conspiracy
Under 18 U.S.C. § 371, it is a crime for two or more persons conspire either to commit any offense against the United States, or to defraud the United States, or any agency thereof in any manner or for any purpose, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. If, however, the offense, the commission of which is the object of the conspiracy, is a misdemeanor only, the punishment for such conspiracy shall not exceed the maximum punishment provided for such misdemeanor.


[1] Larry Neumeister, New York Man Accused of Illegally Exporting Fighter Jet Parts to Possible Iranian Supplier, Associated Press Newswire, July 19, 2007, LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services File.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] 18 U.S.C. §§ 1956, 1957 (2007).
[5] 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)(A)(i).
[6] Id. § 1956(a)(1)(A)(ii).
[7] Id. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(i).
[8] Id. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(ii).
[9] Id. § 1956(a)(2)(A).
[10] Id. § 1956(a)(2)(B)(i).
[11] Id. § 1956(a)(2)(B)(ii).
[12] Id. § 1956(a)(3)(A).
[13] Id. § 1956(a)(3)(B).
[14] Id. § 1956(a)(3)(C).
[15] Id. § 1956(a)(3).

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Thursday, June 14, 2007

Soloway Denied Bail: Update

U.S. Magistrate Judge James P. Donohue said Robert Soloway, of Seattle, should remain in jail until his trial scheduled for Aug. 6 because he has minimal ties to Washington state and has family in Sweden.[1] "These are allegations of cyber crimes that have no geographical borders......It's just as easy to continue these actions in Sweden as it is in the United States." Donohue said.[2]

Donohue continued, asserting that Soloway's previous actions demonstrated an unwillingness to abide by court orders, citing a cases in the past where Soloway continued his spamming even after Microsoft Corp. won a $7 million civil judgment against him in 2005 and a small Internet service provider in Oklahoma won a $10 million judgment.[3]

Soloway's attorney, Richard Troberman, wrote in a court filing that the government's evidence that Soloway would flee was "woefully short on facts," and asserting that, in fact, Soloway has only traveled out of the country with his parents.[4]

Soloway, who was given the moniker "Spam King" by federal investigators, was arrested May 30 on 35 charges including mail fraud, wire fraud, aggravated identity theft and money laundering.[5] Mail fraud, wire fraud and money laundering are punishable by up to 20 years in prison; the government is also seeking $773,000 as proceeds of Soloway's activities.[6]

We have previously discussed Money Laundering, here; Mail Fraud, here; Wire Fraud, here; and Identity Theft here.

We have also previously written on the case of Robert Soloway in this blog, this can be accessed here.


[1] Annie Flanzraich, No Bail for Alleged 'Spam King', The Associated Press Newswire, June 13, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.

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Monday, June 11, 2007

Tenn. State Sen. Aquitted on All Charges of Fraud

Tennessee State Sen. Jerry Cooper was acquitted by a federal jury on all charges in his fraud case The jury of 10 women and two men returned the verdict on the fourth day of the Democratic lawmaker’s trial on charges of bank fraud, mail fraud and conspiracy.[1]

The charges stemmed from the 1999 sale of Cooper’s lumber mill to an Alabama businessman.[2] Cooper did not testify, however his attorney, Jerry Summers of Chattanooga, told jurors in closing arguments that the government should have ended the investigation after the lumber mill buyer, Tony Auyer of Huntsville, pleaded guilty last year to several counts of fraud, conspiracy and money laundering and was sentenced to prison.[3]

Last year a separate jury acquitted co-defendant James Passons of McMinnville in the borrowing conspiracy case. Passons testified he acted at Cooper’s request when he prepared an inflated appraisal that showed the 13.6 acres in southern Middle Tennessee included a rail spur, even though it did not.[4] However Rita D. Phillips, the jury foreman, said as jurors left that the 45-minute deliberation was a "good discussion.....I think we feel very good about the agreement we reached....[there just] was not enough evidence [against Cooper.]"[5]

We have previously discussed bank and mail fraud in this blog, as well as money laundering.


[1] Bill Poovey, Sen. Cooper acquitted on all charges in fraud case, Associated Press Newswire, June 9, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.

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Friday, June 01, 2007

Top Spammer Arrested; Soloway

Robert Alan Soloway has been described as one of the world's top spammers; he is one of the people who fills your email in box with junk everyday.[1] He was arrested in Seattle, Wednesday, May 30, and federal authorities believe that this will lead to an immediate, perceptible decrease in the amount of junk e-mail flying around the Web.[2] ''He's one of the top 10 spammers in the world,'' said Tim Cranton, a Microsoft Corp. lawyer who is senior director of the company's Worldwide Internet Safety Programs. ''He's a huge problem for our customers. This is a very good day.''[3]

Soloway's arrest came a week after a federal grand jury returned a 35-count indictment charging him with mail fraud, wire fraud, e-mail fraud, aggravated identity theft and money laundering.[4] In court Wednesday afternoon, Soloway pleaded not guilty to all charges; he has been accused of using networks of compromised computers to send out millions upon millions of junk e-mails.[5] It is alleged that he has been doing this for 4 years, and he continued his activities despite a $7 million civil judgment against him in 2005 won by Microsoft, and another by Robert Brauer, the operator of a small Internet service provider in western Oklahoma, who won a $10 million judgment.[6]

The case is the first in the country in which federal prosecutors have used identity theft statutes to prosecute a spammer for taking over someone else's Internet domain name, and it would mean at least an extra two years on Soloway's sentence if he is convicted.[7] He could face decades in prison, though prosecutors said they have not calculated what guideline sentencing range he might face.[8]

However despite the arrest, junk e-mail continued to land in mailboxes around the world Thursday, May 31.[9] Even if Soloway is ultimately convicted and his operations shuttered, spam experts say dozens are in line to fill the void. This is mostly a symbolic arrest, and it is unlikely to significantly effect the spam traffic worldwide.[10]

Soloway, was once on a top 10 list of spammers kept by The Spamhaus Project, an international anti-spam organization.[11] Others have since topped him, mostly based in Russia and other countries out of reach of U.S. or European law.[12] "Most of the Russian gangs seem to have a lot more freshly hijacked computers and are able to deliver much more spam into people's inboxes," said Vincent Hanna, a European investigator for Spamhaus.[13]

Aggravated Identity Theft
Aggravated identity theft occurs when the crime of identity theft is coupled with another felony, here bank fraud. Under 18 U.S.C. § 1028A, if a person knowingly and unlawfully transfers, possesses, or uses a means of identification of another person in conjunction with the commission of a set list of felonies, that person will be punished as those felonies provide and that person will additionally be imprisoned for 2 years. If the felony happens to be a terrorism offense, that person will receive an additional 5 years of imprisonment.[14]Furthermore, that person will not be placed on probation, nor will the term of imprisonment run concurrently, unless the court has been given discretion to do by the Sentencing commission.[15]

E-mail Fraud
E-mail fraud is covered under 18 U.S.C. § 1037. This statute makes it illegal for a person to, in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly: (1) accesses a protected computer without authorization, and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from or through such computer;[16] (2) uses a protected computer to relay or retransmit multiple commercial electronic mail messages, with the intent to deceive or mislead recipients, or any Internet access service, as to the origin of such messages; [17](3) materially falsifies header information in multiple commercial electronic mail messages and intentionally initiates the transmission of such messages;[18] (4) registers, using information that materially falsifies the identity of the actual registrant, for five or more electronic mail accounts or online user accounts or two or more domain names, and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from any combination of such accounts or domain names;[19] or (5) falsely represents oneself to be the registrant or the legitimate successor in interest to the registrant of 5 or more Internet Protocol addresses, and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from such addresses.[20]




[1] AP Wire, Feds in Seattle arrest man described as one of world's top spammers, Associated Press Newswire, May 30, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] Anick Jesdanun, Spam Flows Despite High-Profile Arrest , Associated Press Newswire, May 31, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[10] Id.
[11] Id.
[12] Id.
[13] Id.
[14] 18 U.S.C. § 1028A (2007).
[15] Id.
[16] 18 U.S.C. § 1037(a)(1)(2007).
[17] Id. at §1037(a)(2).
[18] Id. at §1037(a)(3).
[19] Id. at §1037(a)(4).
[20] Id. at §1037(a)(5).

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Wednesday, May 30, 2007

Dallas School Board Members Accused of Bribery

William Frederick Coleman III, the former deputy superintendent and chief operating officer for Dallas schools, and former chief technology officer Ruben B. Bohuchot were accused of taking bribes to help win contracts for Frankie Logyang Wong’s company, Micro Systems Engineering Inc.[1]

The two former Dallas school district officials are accused of taking bribes from a Houston businessman whose company was awarded nearly $40 million in technology contracts, according to a federal indictment unsealed Tuesday.[2] The indictment alleges Coleman served as a facilitator between Wong and Bohuchot, who was in charge of technology contracts for Dallas public schools. The district eventually awarded two contracts worth $39 million to the Houston-based company.[3]

The men face charges of bribery, conspiracy to commit bribery through a program receiving federal funds and conspiracy to commit money laundering. Bohuchot and Coleman are facing charges of obstruction of justice, and Bohuchot is charged with making false statements on tax returns.[4]

Bohuchot, and Wong, pleaded not guilty in federal court Tuesday to an indictment that alleges the three men took bribes and also laundered about $2.5 million to disguise payments from Micro Systems to Bohuchot, Coleman and others.[5]

Bribery

Bribery is covered under 18 U.S.C. § 210 (2007) wherein it states that under section 210, it is a crime for a person to pay or offer or promise any money or thing of value, to any person, firm, or corporation in consideration of the use or promise to use any influence to procure any appointive office or place under the United States for any person, The punishment for a violation of section 210 is a fine, imprisonment for not more than one year, or both.

We have previously spoken about the crime of money laundering, here.

We have previously discussed the crime of bribery through a program receiving federal funds, here.



[1] Jeff Carlton, Former Dallas school officials, Houston man face bribery charges, Associated Press Newswire, May 29, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.

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Monday, May 28, 2007

Las Vegas Attorney Indicted for Fraud, Money Laundering, Conspiracy

Noel Gage, a Las Vegas personal injury lawyer, has become the second person charged in what federal prosecutors assert is a extremely wide-ranging fraud scheme to increase courtroom settlements by way of inflating medical costs.[1] The acting U.S. Attorney for Nevada, Steven Myhre, said more indictments are expected in the case, which became public in March with the arrest of Howard Awand.[2]

A grand jury indictment unsealed Tuesday, May 22, alleges that Gage swapped referrals with Awand, who posed as a medical consultant and recruited a network of doctors and lawyers to inflate claims by personal injury plaintiffs.[3]Authorities allege that Awand and Gage persuaded clients to seek medical treatment from health providers who agreed to treat the patients on a medical lien payment basis, meaning patients could pay their bills after their injury claims were settled.[4]

It is alleged that the medical liens let health care providers charge clients at ''grossly inflated prices.''[5] It is alleged that Awand would then buy the “grossly inflated” liens at a discount, the clients would be required to pay the full value of the liens, and Awand would pay kickbacks to those involved in the scheme.[6] In one case, Gage is accused of paying more than $1 million to Awand from settlements in a personal injury case without the knowledge of the plaintiff.[7] Gage is also accused of paying more than $430,000 in proceeds from the case to an unnamed doctor.[8]

The obstruction of justice charge against Gage stems from accusations that he failed to produce subpoenaed documents including payments to Awand under the business names Nevada Medical Consultants and Vermont Medical Consultants.[9]

Attorney Noel Gage pleaded not guilty Tuesday in U.S. District Court in Las Vegas to 18 felony charges including conspiracy, mail fraud, money laundering, aiding and abetting and obstruction of justice. He could face decades in prison and millions of dollars in fines if convicted.[10]

We have previously discussed the crime of mail fraud, here.
We have previously discussed the crime of money laundering, here.




[1] AP Newswire, Las Vegas lawyer charged in widening personal injury fraud case, Associated Press Newswire, May 23, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services File.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] Id.
[10] Id.

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Saturday, May 26, 2007

Monea Found Guilty of Money Laundering

Paul Monea made most of his money by selling Tae Bo exercise videos via television infomercials; the Tae Bo program was considered “the most successful infomercial in the history of television,” according to Whitaker.[1] His considerable wealth allowed him to sponsor an Indy racing car, create the Paul Monea Family Charitable Foundation and donate $1 million to the D.A.R.E. program.[2] He even was honored by Congress in 1999 for his philanthropy and entrepreneurship.[3]

He also sold the “Stimulator,” which was supposedly a pain-relief device, however it was actually a gas grill igniter equipped with grips.[4] Ads claimed it could alleviate anything from arthritis to menstrual cramps; it sold for about $80.[5] The Stimulator was declared phony and a federal judge ordered him to offer refunds to customers in 2000.[6] In 2003, Monea was sentenced to 30 months in prison for tax evasion and filing false tax returns related to sales of the Stimulator.[7]

Monea was found guilty Wednesday, May 23, of federal money-laundering charges after the jury returned a unanimous verdict in U.S. District Court in Akron. Monea was accused of trying to sell a 43-carat, yellow diamond, a 62-acre estate once owned by boxer Mike Tyson, and a large boat to a drug dealer last year for a total of $19.5 million.[8]

The deal was set up through an undercover FBI agent posing as a drug broker. Monea’s defense attorneys argued throughout the trial that the government entrapped Monea and coerced him into the sale.[9] “We think this was a crime totally manufactured by the government…..[and w]e expect to be vindicated on appeal,'' defense attorney William Whitaker said afterward. ``[10]

The 12-member jury found Monea guilty of conspiracy to launder monetary instruments and three counts of money laundering; he faces up to 20 years on each charge.[11] The jury also decided that the diamond -- supposedly worth up to $15 million -- and the former Tyson estate should be forfeited to the government.[12]

Conspiracy to commit money laundering is covered by 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h), which states that anyone who conspires to commit any money laundering offense will be punished as prescribed for a commission of the offense. The Supreme Court recently determined that an overt act requirement is not part of section 1956(h), which we previously discussed here.





[1] Rick Armon, Businessman found guilty in FBI sting, Akron Beacon Journal, May 24, 2007, available at http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/news/17272970.htm (last visited May 24, 2007)
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] Id.
[10] Id.
[11] Id.
[12] Id.

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Friday, April 27, 2007

Carter Couple Convicted of Fraud

The wife of a former Chicago insurance executive convicted in a multimillion-dollar fraud was herself sentenced to 2 years in prison Thursday, April 26, for laundering tens of thousands of dollars from the scheme.[1]In September, a jury convicted Virginia Carter on 24 counts of money laundering and tax fraud.[2] She might have faced as much as 9 years in prison, but her attorney argued it would be unfair for her to be sentenced to a prison term as long as the 6-year term handed to her husband, Robert, whose crimes where much more costly.[3] No evidence was presented that Virginia Carter was involved in the fraud by her husband, who stole $17 million from Arlington Heights, Illinois, based National Accident Insurance Underwriters Inc.[4]

However the tax fraud charges did include both the husband and the wife.[5] The tax fraud charges alleged that Robert and Virginia Carter together filed a false federal income tax return for 1999 and that Virginia Carter alone filed a false return for 2000, in both instances allegedly failing to report income from the fraud scheme.[6] Robert Carter was also charged with tax evasion for 1999, 2000 and 2001, during which he attempted to evade nearly $1.5 million in federal income taxes.[7]

The money laundering charges against Virginia Carter alone alleged that in March, April, May and one instance in September 2002, she engaged in 23 different cash transactions in amounts ranging from $9,000 to $825,000, knowing that the funds were proceeds of illegal activity.[8]
She was also ordered to pay restitution of $145,000, and she owes the Internal Revenue Service an additional $648,000.[9]

We have previously discussed the crime of money laundering here, and tax fraud, here.


[1] Tribune Staff, Exec's wife gets 2 years for money laundering, Chicago Tribune Online, Apr 27, 2007, available at http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chicago/chi-0704270298apr27,1,1406093.story?coll=chi-newslocalchicago-hed (last visited Apr. 27, 2007).
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] U.S. Dep’t of Justice Press Release, Highland Park Couple Indicted in his Alleged Theft of $17 Million from Insurance Brokerage and her Alleged Concealment of Proceeds, U.S. Dep’t of Justice Website, Mar. 19, 2004, available at http://www.usdoj.gov/tax/usaopress/2004/txdv04carter2004fraudrel.pdf (last visited April 27, 2007).
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] Tribune Staff, supra note 1.

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Monday, April 23, 2007

U.S. Supreme Court to Review Money Laundering Standard

The Supreme Court agreed Monday to review a case that would undercut the federal money laundering law used to prosecute thousands of defendants every year.[1] The Justice Department has asked the court to overturn an appeals court ruling that increases the burden of proof for convictions in such cases by requiring prosecutors to demonstrate the profitability of illegal activity.[2]

The decision by the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago ''removes a large class of routinely prosecuted money laundering cases from the reach of the statute,'' the department's solicitor general said in a brief asking the justices to take the case.[3] How is the government supposed to find hard evidence of profits when ''criminals rarely keep accounting records, much less accurate ones."[4]

Efrain Santos and Benedicto Diaz had successfully challenged their money laundering convictions involving a gambling ring, arguing that the money Santos used to pay couriers in a gambling operation were gross proceeds rather than profits.[5] The government asked the court to interpret the pivotal term "proceeds" to mean gross income, not net income.[6] Previous decisions have indicated that the term “proceeds” in 18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1) is ambiguous, in that it is unclear whether the term means gross or net income. The transactions in the Santos/Diaz case[7] were conceptually identical to the transactions in Scialabba[8] which were held to be insufficient under § 1956(a)(1)(A)(i).[9] Since the conduct that led to defendants' convictions only amounted to the disposition of the gambling game's gross income, the district court reasoned that Santos and Diaz were convicted of acts that were not crimes in the 7th circuit and that they were entitled to the benefit of Scialabba in their habeas corpus proceedings.[10] The court declined to overturn the Scialabba case because the government did not present a compelling reason and in the interest of stability in the law the court upheld it. The U.S. Supreme Court will now look into this issue further.

We have discussed the crime of money laundering extensively in this blog, here.


[1] AP Wire, Court to Review Money Laundering Case, Associated Press Newswire, Apr. 23, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services File.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Santos v. United States, 461 F.3d 886 (7th Cir. 2006)
[6] Id.
[7] compensating the money collectors and paying the winners of a gambling game.
[8] United States v. Scialabba, 282 F.3d 475 (7th Cir. 2002) (Defendants were involved in illegal gambling. They provided video poker machines to bars, taverns, and restaurants. Patrons paid to play and received on-screen credits if they won.)
[9] 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (a)(1)(A)(i) (2007).
[10] 28 U.S.C.S. § 2255 (2007).

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Wednesday, April 11, 2007

Since 9/11 FBI Priorities Not on Fraud

If it seems like sophisticated fraud and other white-collar crime is on the rise that may be because it is. In the wake of the Sept. 11 terror attacks Bush administration has refocused the FBI on fighting terror and this has left far fewer agents to target the cases the bureau has traditionally pursued.[1] It adds up to thousands of white-collar criminals nationwide who are no longer prosecuted in federal court, frustrated victims and potentially billions of dollars in fraud and theft losses.[2]

More than five years after the 2001 attacks, the Justice Department has failed to replace at least 2,400 agents detailed to focus on counterterrorism.[3] "Politically, this trade-off has been accepted…but do the American people know this trade-off has been made?" said Charles Mandigo, a former FBI congressional liaison.[4]

While the U.S. Justice Department and the Office of Management and Budget steadfastly deny that traditional criminal enforcement by the FBI hasn't suffered.[5] The Seattle Post-Intelligencer(P-I) ran a six-month investigation and analyzed more than a quarter-million cases touched by FBI agents and federal prosecutors before and after Sept. 11, 2001.[6] Among their key findings:
  • Overall, the number of criminal cases investigated by the FBI nationally has steadily declined. In 2005, the bureau brought slightly more than 20,000 cases to federal prosecutors, compared with about 31,000 in 2000 - a 34 percent drop.[7]
  • FBI investigations of white-collar crime have also plummeted. In 2005, the FBI sent prosecutors 3,500 cases - a fraction of the more than 10,000 cases assigned to agents in 2000.[8]
  • Had the FBI continued investigating financial crimes at the same rate as it had before the terror attacks, about 2,000 more white-collar criminals would be behind bars, according to the P-I analysis, which was based on Justice Department data from 1996 through June 2006.[9]

A report in September 2005 by the Justice Department's inspector concluded that the FBI "reduced its investigative efforts related to traditional crimes by more than 2,400 agents."[10] The report asserted that in addition to the 1,143 agents transferred away from traditional crime programs, the FBI used 1,279 agents on counterterrorism work, even though they were on the books as criminal-program agents.[11] Over the past eight years, the ranks of FBI agents have increased, from about 11,000 to 12,575, and virtually all of them are assigned to anti-terrorism duties.[12]




[1] Seattle P-I: FBI's terror focus leaves fewer agents on crime, Associated Press Newswire, Apr. 11, 2007, available at LEXIS, News Library, Wire News Services File.
[2] Paul Shukovsky, The success of counterterrorism efforts difficult to evaluate, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Apr. 10, 2007, available at http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/311085_terrorside11.html (last visited Apr. 11, 2007).
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] AP, supra note 1 (“The administration strongly disagrees that the FBI has been anything less than effective in the years since 9/11 in combating domestic crime issues…..[w]e have worked to achieve a balance between the FBI's homeland security and criminal investigative missions."said OMB spokesman Sean Kevelighan.)
[6] Shukovsky, supra note 2.
[7] Id.
[8] Id.
[9] I.d
[10] AP, supra note 1.
[11] Id.
[12] Id.

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Monday, March 26, 2007

Reimers Pleads Guilty to Money Laundering and Mail Fraud

Frances William "Bill" Reimers pleaded guilty Friday, March 23, in federal court in Oakland to mail fraud and money laundering for accepting millions of dollars from investors but never investing the cash.[1]

Reimers’ scheme was based on lies he told his potential investors to induce them to give him their money.[2] He asserted to his investors that he had invented a method for predicting the rise and fall of mutual fund values; he guaranteed his investments would earn at least 9 percent, and that he followed a conservative investment strategy through his company, Advisory Services Group.[3]

However, instead of investing his clients' money, he diverted their funds to support two other businesses that he controlled, Plan Compliance Group, which handled third-party administration for school employees' retirement accounts, and Univest Capital Management, which handled third-party administration of insurance benefits for employees of federal government entities.[4] Federal prosecutors alleged Reimers used the money he received to pay monthly dividends to his investment clients and to cash out clients who asked to close their accounts.[5]

In December 2005, after allegations arose surrounding the crimes, Reimers attempted suicide by shooting himself in the chest in a park, he survived.[6] Reimers entered guilty pleas to six counts of mail fraud and one count of money laundering before U.S. District Judge D. Lowell Jensen in Oakland.[7]

We have previously discussed the crime of money laundering, here.

Mail fraud is a crime under 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Under this section, it is illegal to devise a scheme to defraud and then use the mail to carry out the scheme. The punishment for committing mail fraud is a fine, imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both.



[1] Henry K. Lee, Danville man pleads guilty to fraud, money laundering, San Francisco Chronicle, March 23, 2007.
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.
[6] Id.
[7] Id.

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Friday, March 23, 2007

Outpateint Facilty Investment Scheme Update: Ongaro, Marshall


Two more men, including a Dallas area radio executive based in the, have been indicted with seven others on charges of mail fraud, conspiracy and money laundering in connection with an outpatient facility business opportunity they championed.[1] We have previously discussed this case here.

Brian Ongaro of Frisco, executive vice president/Western region for CBS Radio, and Raymond Marshall of Frisco were indicted along with David Goldfarb, Richard Ross; Paul Woodcock; Milton Guenther; James Bonebrake; Colin McHale, and Mike Ibler.[2] Prosecutors allege that the men used paid referrals to intentionally misrepresent the quality of their company, CORF Licensing Services, by understating the costs and risks involved, including patient activity, potential income and profit.[3]

Prosecutors asserted that between 2001 and 2003, Goldfarb, Ross, Woodcock and Guenther, contracted with more than 300 licensees to establish outpatient facilities that mainly provided pulmonary respiratory therapy and physical therapy services; the concept was marketed through internet websites, ads and seminars where they grossly misrepresented the financial benefits of owning and operating the facilities.[4]

If convicted of mail fraud, the individuals could face up to 20 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. A conviction of money laundering carries up to 20 years in prison and a $500,000 fine; conspiracy carries up to five years in prison and a $250,000 fine.[5]





[1] Local CBS exec indicted in money laundering scheme, Dallas Business Journal, March 22, 2007
[2] Id.
[3] Id.
[4] Id.
[5] Id.

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Monday, March 12, 2007

Outpateint Facilty Investment Costs Millions: Woodcock, Goldfarb

A federal grand jury in Phoenix on Friday returned a 33-count indictment against nine men, on charges of operating a wide-ranging mail fraud and money-laundering scheme that took in $40 million and defrauded more than 300 people.[1]

It was described as a “very sophisticated and convincing” investment scheme that defrauded well-educated operators of medical outpatient rehabilitation facilities; the prospective facility licensees paid between $100,000 and $165,000 to enter into contracts with the defendants’ company, CORF Licensing Services.[2] The outpatient companies startup times, profits, and customer numbers were grossly misrepresented, in fact many of the facilities never opened, allegedly costing the licensees millions of dollars.[3]

David Goldfarb and Paul Woodcock, among others, are listed as defendants in the indictment, and were arrested Friday, March 9, at their homes in Scottsdale on suspicion of mail fraud, conspiracy, money laundering and aiding and abetting, according to Patricia Armstrong, spokeswoman for the U.S. Postal Inspector’s Office in Phoenix.[4]

Mail Fraud
Mail fraud is a crime under 18 U.S.C. § 1341. Under this section, it is illegal to devise a scheme to defraud and then use the mail to carry out the scheme.The punishment for committing mail fraud is a fine, imprisonment for up to 20 years, or both.

Conspiracy to Commit Mail or Wire Fraud
Under 18 U.S.C. § 1349, any person who conspires to commit mail or wire fraud will be punished in the same way as if he had committed the offense. There is no overt act requirement in the statute.

We have previously discussed the crime of money laundering, here.

If convicted, money laundering carries a maximum 20-year prison sentence and a $500,000 fine, and mail fraud carries a maximum 20-year sentence and a $250,000 fine, according to information from the U.S. Attorney’s Office.